Oferim un i. Pod, tricouri cu FILMETARI si invitatii la film! Detalii la finalul articolului! Au trecut aproape 1. Haideti sa alegem cele mai bune 5. Is a free URL forwarding service (URL redirection) allowing anyone to take any existing URL and shorten it. Just type/paste a URL in the box below to shorten it and. Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides is a 2011 American fantasy swashbuckler film and the fourth installment in the Pirates of the Caribbean film series. Cele 3 etape (prima a inceput)1. Startul nominalizarilor. Pentru inceput, in urmatoarea perioada, vom strange nominalizari. Pentru a completa lista, va rog sa lasati un comentariu cu nominalizarile voastre.– fiecare comentator poate nominaliza maxim 1. Start la nominalizari! Votarea. Dupa incheierea perioadei de nominalizari, lista celor aprox. Afisarea rezultatelor. Buna – sunt din Vaslui am incercat sa-mi amintesc ce filme mi-au placut cel mai mult in ultimii ani si Una dintre cele mai cautate atractii din intreg arhipelagul este Bariera de corali Andros, considerata a treia din lume ca marime. Andros Reef se intinde in aproape. Lista finala va fi afisata in ordinea voturilor. Cele aprox. 4. 0 de filme, din oficiu, ordonate pe ani: 2. Memento (2. 00. 0)Requiem for a Dream (2. Gladiator (2. 00. Snatch (2. 00. 0)Amores Perros (2. Lord of the Rings (2. Le fabuleux destin d’Amelie Poulain (2. Donnie Darko (2. 00. Cidade de Deus (2. The Pianist (2. 00. Finding Nemo (2. 00. Mystic River (2. 00. Eternal Sunsine of the Spotless Mind (2. Blacksmith Will Turner teams up with eccentric pirate 'Captain' Jack Sparrow to save his love, the governor's daughter, from Jack's former pirate allies, who are now. Der Untergang (2. Hotel Rwanda (2. 00. Million Dollar Baby (2. Crash (2. 00. 4)2. Sin City (2. 00. 5)Batman Begins (2. The Departed (2. 00. Children of Men (2. Letters from Iwo Jima (2. Little Miss Sunshine (2. The Prestige (2. 00. No Country for Old Men (2. There Will Be Blood (2. Into the Wild (2. Ratatouille (2. 00. Le scaphandre et le papillon (2. The Wrestler (2. 00. The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (2. In Bruges (2. 00. Changeling (2. 00. Wall- E (2. 00. 8)Slumdog Millionaire (2. Gran Torino (2. 00. The Dark Knight (2. Premii. Am facut rost si de premii. Vom incerca sa oferim aceste premii pe tot parcursul desfasurarii campaniei. Primul deadline de participare este sfarsitul lui septembrie pentru care vom pregati: – un ipod (inca nu stim modelul sau capacitatea).– tricouri FILMETARI (3 sau 5 in functie de numarul participantilor)– invitatii la film. Pentru a putea castiga un premiu– lasa un comentariu care sa respecte indicatiile de la etapa 1 (Startul nominalizarilor).– nu uitati sa va treceti si localitatea de domiciului.
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Notable persons. Retrieved June 1, 2. Article describes Cadence acquiring a printed circuit design software company.^http: //www. Resources/financial. Retrieved March 3rd, 2. Retrieved March 3rd, 2. UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION FORM 8- K FILING, . Retrieved March 3rd, 2. Laura Rich, Recession. Wire, . Retrieved March 3rd, 2. Source: Cadence Design Systems fact sheet, http: //www. Resources/financial. Retrieved September 8, 2. Avant!: The UTSA and California Trade Secret Law, Danley, J., Berkeley Technology Law Journal, 2. Vol 1. 9; Part 1, pages 2. Blind Spots, from IP Law and Business^In Courts, Threats Become Alarming Fact of Life, Deborah Sontag, New York Times, 2. March 2. 00. 5^Odd legal saga takes an ugly turn, Richard Goering, EE Times, 0. August 2. 00. 4^Jury finds Mohsen guilty of perjury, obstruction of justice, Dylan Mc. Grath, EE Times, 2. February 2. 00. 6^. Retrieved 3 April 2. Retrieved 2. 7 May 2. Purdum (November 1. Knowing machines: essays on technical change. San Jose Mercury News. San Jose Mercury News. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Languages constructed by J. Tolkien. The philologist and author J. Tolkien created a number of constructed languages. Inventing languages (called glossopoeia by Tolkien, from Greek . He first started constructing an Elvin tongue in c. He later called it Quenya (c. Elvish languages until his death in 1. In 1. 93. 1, he held a lecture about his passion for constructed languages, titled A Secret Vice. Here he contrasts his project of artistic languages constructed for aesthetic pleasure with the pragmatism of international auxiliary languages. The lecture also discusses Tolkien's views on phonaesthetics, citing Greek, Finnish, and Welsh as examples of . He was also interested in many languages outside his field, and developed a particular love for the Finnish language. He described the finding of a Finnish grammar book as . Synonyms for land at Synonyms.net with free online thesaurus, antonyms, definitions and translations. Each Monday, this column turns a page in history to explore the discoveries, events and people that continue to affect the history being made today. Humans had been speaking for a couple hundred thousand years before they got. The philologist and author J. Tolkien created a number of constructed languages. Inventing languages (called glossopoeia by Tolkien, from Greek An amateur linguist loses control of the language he invented. At a little over 1. Nevbosh. Notably, Tolkien claimed that this was not his first effort in invented languages. Language invention had always been tightly connected to the mythology that Tolkien developed, as he found that a language could not be complete without the history of the people who spoke it, just as these people could never be fully realistic if imagined only through the English language and as speaking English. Tolkien therefore took the stance of a translator and adaptor rather than that of the original author of his works. Language and mythology. It was this idea that an . The invention of languages is the foundation. I should have preferred to write in . But, of course, such a work as The Lord of the Rings has been edited and only as much . This latter language was designed to be the ostensible antithesis of the ideal of an artistic language pursued with the development of Quenya, the Black Speech representing a dystopian parody of an international auxiliary language just as Sauron's rule over the Orcs is a dystopian parody of a totalitarian state. Elvish languages. The family was constructed from c. Tolkien worked on it up to his death in 1. He constructed the grammar and vocabulary of at least fifteen languages and dialects in roughly periods: Although the Elvish languages Sindarin and Quenya are the most famous and the most developed of the languages that Tolkien invented for his Secondary World, they are by no means the only ones. They belong to a family of Elvish languages, that originate in Common Eldarin, the language common to all Eldar, which in turn originates in Primitive Quendian, the common root of Eldarin and Avarin languages. Finnish morphology (particularly its rich system of inflection) in part gave rise to Quenya. Another of Tolkien's favourites was Welsh, and features of Welsh phonology found their way into Sindarin. Very few words were borrowed from existing languages, so that attempts to match a source to a particular Elvish word or name in works published during his lifetime are often very dubious. Lhammas and Valarin. In 1. 93. 7, he wrote the Lhammas, a linguistic treatise addressing the relationship of not just the Elvish languages, but of all languages spoken in Middle- earth during the First Age. The text purports to be a translation of an Elvish work, written by one Pengolodh, whose historical works are presented as being the main source of the narratives in the Silmarillion concerning the First Age. The Lhammas exists in two versions, the shorter one being called the Lammasathen. All languages of Elves and most languages of Men are Orom. It has had some influences on the tongues of Men. Melkian, named after the rebellious Melkor or Morgoth, is the origin in the First Age of the many tongues used by the Orcs and other evil beings. In the Land of Invented Languages. Just about everyone has heard of Esperanto, which was nothing less than one man’s attempt to bring about world peace by means of linguistic solidarity. And every Star Trek fan knows about.This meant that a considerable number of additional constructed languages were envisaged, but none of them became as well developed as the family of Elvish languages. In the Lord of the Rings, Tolkien adopted the literary device of claiming to have translated the original S. This device of rendering an imaginary language with a real one was carried further: thus mapping the genetic relation of his fictional languages on the existing historical relations of the Germanic languages. Furthermore, to parallel the Celticsubstratum in England, he used Old Welsh names to render the Dunlendish names of Buckland Hobbits (e. Meriadoc for Kalimac). In addition to that, there is a separate language family that is spoken by Men, the most prominent member of which was Westron (derived from the N. Most Mannish tongues showed influences by Elvish, as well as some Dwarvish influences. Several independent languages were drafted as well, an example being Khuzdul, the language of the Dwarves. Other languages are Valarin (the tongue of the Valar), and the Black Speech created by Sauron in the Second Age. Because of the device Modern English representing Westron, there was no necessity to actually work out the details of Westron grammar or vocabulary in any detail, but Tolkien does give some examples of Westron words in Appendix F to The Lord of the Rings, where he also summarizes its origin and role as lingua franca in Middle- earth. In the course of that age it had become the native language of nearly all the speaking- peoples (save the Elves) who dwelt within the bounds of the old kingdoms of Arnor and Gondor . The situation here is a little different from the . Khuzdul was designed to have a . This added a depth of historical development to the Mannish languages. It is there that the most extensive sample of the language is found, revealed to one of the (modern- day) protagonists, Lowdham, of that story in a visionary dream of Atlantis. Its grammar is sketched in the unfinished . Here you can see how in local languages, country names can be quite different from their English versions. Finland is Suomen Tasavalta (Republic of Finland), Hungary is Magyarorsz Traditional Culture Invented Yesterday. If 'Indigenous culture' is to be recognised in Australia's Constitution it is vital to understand what the term means. Rap songs and break dancing, perhaps? Ten Great Books With Their Own Languages A Brief Survey of Memorable Made-Up Dialect. International Auxiliary Languages 'That international auxiliary language is best which in every point offers the greatest facility to the greatest number' - Otto Jespersen, 1908. International Auxiliary Languages (IALs) are. Some of his scripts were designed for use with his constructed languages, others for more practical ends: to be used in his personal diary, and one especially for English, the New English Alphabet. It is composed of articles written before the publication of The Silmarillion. With the publication of much linguistic material during the 1. History of Middle- earth series, and the Vinyar Tengwar and Parma Eldalamberon material published at an increasing rate during the early 2. Tolkien's Lord of the Rings (University of Utah Press, 2. Elizabeth Solopova, Languages, Myth and History: An Introduction to the Linguistic and Literary Background of J. Tolkien's Fiction (New York City: North Landing Books, 2. Tolkien and the history of their creation. A few fanzines were dedicated to the subject, like Tyali. At that time, he was studying Latin and Anglo- Saxon. Mary and others, including Tolkien himself, later invented a new and more complex language called Nevbosh. The next constructed language he came to work with, Naffarin, would be his own creation. Tolkien's Not- So- Secret Vice. Tolkien's Languages . Garth, Tolkien and the Great War. Andrew Higgins, In Dembith Pengoldh A column on Tolkien. Tolkien, letter number 1. Monsters & Critics, 2. Monsters & Critics, 2. Monsters & Critics, 2. The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien, pp. Tolkien, Race and Cultural History: From Fairies to Hobbits. Carpenter, Humphrey, ed. Tolkien, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, #1. ISBN 0- 3. 95- 3. Tolkien also commented of the Dwarves that . The Peoples of Middle- earth, p. The Lost Road and Other Writings (1. Tolkien, Artist and Illustrator, p. Solopova, Elizabeth (2. Languages, Myths and History: An Introduction to the Linguistic and Literary Background of J. R. R. Tolkien's Fiction, New York City: North Landing Books, p. ISBN 0- 9. 81. 66. Fisher, Jason (2. Tolkien Encyclopedia: Scholarship and Critical Assessment. ISBN 9. 78- 1- 1. Retrieved 8 April 2. Retrieved 8 April 2. Elvish Linguistic Fellowship. Retrieved 8 April 2. General references.
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The truth is, beginners can do just that, start with cardio and add in the strength training later. However, strength training is critical if you want to lose weight.. In fact, lifting weights has a number of benefits, not the least of which is helping you lose weight and, of course, keeping your body strong. No matter what your goals are, strength training is an important component of your exercise program and it's never too late to start. Be sure to check with your doctor before you start lifting weights if you have any medical conditions, injuries or illnesses. Getting Started. Learn the basic principles of strength training: Weight Training 1. I typically advise my beginners to lift twice a week with a simple total body workout. Warm up with 5- 1. Choose 1- 2 exercises for each muscle group (see below) and do 1- 2 sets of 8- 1. As a beginner, you may want to start with about 1. After that, you can add more weight or reduce your weight and change your reps for a different challenge. If you exercise in a gym, you may want to start with machines so you have more stabilization for the movements. Give yourself at least a day of rest (though you may need more after the first workout) to recover. Each week, add either 1 repetition and/or a few pounds of weight to each exercise to progress. Just keep your reps at about 1. Once you hit 1. 6 reps, increase your weight and drop your reps down to 1. Anything above about 2. You want to challenge yourself, not kill yourself. The first few weeks, focus on learning how to do each exercise rather than on how much weight you're lifting or how many exercises you're doing. You have plenty of time to build muscle. After 6 or more weeks of consistent strength training, you can change your routine to make it more difficult. What Exercises Should You Do? If you don't know much about weight training, consider hiring a personal trainer to help you set up your program. You should work all of your muscle groups each week so that you avoid muscle imbalances, which could lead to injury. For detailed information on specific exercises, see How to Choose Your Exercises. Below is a list of muscle groups along with sample exercises. If you're a beginner, you only need to choose 1- 2 exercises for each muscle group in the upper body and 3- 4 moves for the lower body. Chest: bench press, chest press machine, chest presses with dumbbells, pushups. Back: one arm row, back extensions, lat pulldowns. Shoulders: overhead press, lateral raise, front raise. Biceps: bicep curls, hammer curls, concentration curls. Triceps: tricep extensions, dips, kickbacks. Lower Body: squats, lunges, leg press machines, deadlifts, calf raises. Abdominals: crunches, reverse crunches, woodchops, pelvic tilts. Choosing Your Sets, Reps and Weight. Choosing your reps, sets and weight can be the most confusing part of strength training. How many reps and sets you do will depend on your goals. To lose body fat, build muscle: Use enough weight that you can ONLY complete 1. Rest about 3. 0 seconds- 1 minute between sets and at least one day between workout sessions. For muscle gain: Use enough weight that you can ONLY complete 4- 8 repetitions and 3 or more sets, resting for 1- 2 minutes between sets and 2- 3 days between sessions. For beginners, give yourself several weeks of conditioning before you tackle weight training with this degree of difficulty. You may need a spotter for many exercises. For health and muscular endurance: Use enough weight that you can ONLY complete 1. To determine how much weight you should use, start with a light weight and perform one set. Continue adding weight until you can ONLY do the desired number of repetitions. The last rep should be difficult, but not impossible and you should be able to keep good form. See Weight Training 1. Beginner Workout Routine - Weight Training For Beginners. Below you will find 2 versions of my own beginner workout routine that I most often recommend to beginners with any weight training goal (building muscle, losing fat, increasing strength, etc.). If you haven’t already done so, be sure to read my intro into beginner workouts and routines to confirm that you ARE indeed a beginner and to learn what the main guidelines and goals of a beginner workout routine truly are. With that out of the way, let’s get to what you came here for. Here are the full details of the program I simply refer to as The Beginner Weight Training Workout Routine. The Schedule. The first thing you need to know about this program is what weight training split and weekly schedule it will use. If you’ve ever read any article I’ve ever written about weight training frequency, splits/schedules or just beginners in general, then you definitely know what split we’re going to be using. I’m of course talking about the 3 day full body split, which is by far the most highly proven and often recommended workout schedule for beginners with any goal. The specific type of full body split that this workout routine will use is commonly referred to as an alternating . Then you just alternate between them each workout. Meaning, you end up doing ABA one week, and then BAB the next, and so on. Makes sense now, right? Good. I will also mention that the exact days of the week you choose really doesn’t matter at all as long as the same every- other- day format is kept intact with 2 consecutive days off at the end. That’s pretty much all there is to say about the split and schedule itself. Now let’s get to the workouts. You’ll probably think it’s WAY too little, or WAY too simple and basic. Well, if you think any of those things, then it’s pretty obvious that any beginner workout routine you’ve seen before this was likely pretty damn horrible. How do I know? Because some variation of the workouts you are about to see is what’s proven to be most ideal (and most often recommended) for beginners with virtually any goal. Even if you might not think it is, and even if what you’ve seen before is very different. This is what works best for beginners. All research, real world experience and expert recommendations support some form of what you’re about to see. Having said that, here are the workouts. Use a spotter whenever possible/necessary. For the row, pick any one you want. Bent over barbell or dumbbell rows, seated cable rows, chest supported machine rows. It’s all fine. Details and clarifications for Workout B: The . I recommend you do the same with this program. Don’t worry about anything else during those first couple of weeks. Just pick a weight for each exercise that is definitely a little too light and easy for you (more here: How Much Weight Should You Lift?), and focus on learning and using perfect form. Getting exercise technique right at this beginner stage is extremely important, so make sure you do. Once those few weeks are up and you feel like your form is what it needs to be on every exercise, it’s then time to focus on consistent progression while keeping that perfect form intact. You should now be doing 3 sets of bench presses using that same 5. Then, when you are capable of doing 3 sets with 5. You’d then aim to do 3 sets of 8- 1. And when you are capable of doing that, you’d increase the weight again by about 5lbs (6. All of the above applies to each exercise just the same. You use the same weight for all 3 sets of each exercise, meet the prescribed set/rep goal withperfectform, and then increase the weight in the smallest possible increment the next time you do that exercise. As a beginner, you should be able to progress like this consistently for quite a while, partly because you are starting a little lighter to master proper form, and partly because beginners are just more capable of progressing at a more consistent rate than anyone else. So, make sure you do. The more advanced you get, the slower the progression will be. Take advantage of it while you can. Once again I’d like to remind you to make sure the weight you start off using leans a lot more towards being a little too light/easy for you rather than a little too heavy/hard. To ensure the fastest and most consistent rate of progression, the weight you start off using for each exercise needs to be a bit lighter than you are truly capable of lifting. Don’t screw with it! When looking at this beginner workout routine, the thing you need to remember is that the goal of a beginner is NOT to try to blast every muscle with all kinds of exercises and do various advanced things with a bunch of isolation movements and a high amount of volume and other things a beginner has no business doing. Like I was saying before, the primary goal of a beginner (besides learning perfect form on all of their exercises) is to take advantage of a borderline super power that all beginners have for a short period of time that allows them to progress and improve FASTER at all things weight training related than any intermediate or advanced trainee ever could. That’s right beginners, you can build muscle faster, get stronger faster, get . That typically means higher frequency, lower volume, small and basic exercise selection, nothing fancy. Hey, what a coincidence. And any other intelligently designed beginner program will too. So please, beginners, I beg of you. Don’t try to do something more advanced, and don’t try to add additional advanced stuff to the program laid out above. If you want the best results possible, do it exactly as is and focus on perfect form and consistent progression. The Workouts: Version 2. The sample weight training program laid out above is a pretty damn perfect beginner workout routine. But, you see, I know that no matter how many times I explain that this routine is totally ideal for beginners as is, many people are just going to ignore me and add more to it as they please. You were already thinking about doing it, weren’t you? Admit it. Well, if you are one of these people (shame on you, silly beginner!), this second version of the program is my attempt at helping you not listen to me in a way that doesn’t completely screw things up. So, using the same 3 day full body split from before (in the same “ABA BAB” format), here is another extremely similar version of the original workout routine with a few very small additions made to it. Workout ASquats. 3 sets of 8- 1. Bench Press. 3 sets of 8- 1. Rows. 3 sets of 8- 1. Triceps Press Downs. Calf Raises. 1- 2 sets of 1. Workout BDeadlifts. Pull- Ups (or Lat Pull- Downs)3 sets of 8- 1. Overhead Shoulder Press. Biceps Curls. 1 set of 1. Abs. 1- 2 sets of 1. Everything else remains just like before (see the notes from earlier if you need additional details/clarifications), except now we’ve added some direct biceps and triceps work along with a little bit of calves and abs as well. Are you happy now? I hope so, because the more you try to add on top of Version 1, the more it starts to become an intermediate program. And the more that happens, the less and less effective it’s going to be for beginners. Now Put It To Use. So, there’s 2 versions of what I’ve simply named The Beginner Weight Training Workout Routine. Start light, focus on proper form first, focus on gradual progression second, make sure your diet plan supports your goals, and do it all consistently. Enjoy your results. NEW: Superior Muscle Growth Has Arrived. Since putting this workout routine out there back in 2. I’ve gotten tons of feedback from literally thousands of people. Others, however, still had additional questions and wanted more. Not just about this workout, but about building muscle in general. So. I call it: Superior Muscle Growth. What is it? Simply put, Superior Muscle Growth is designed entirely for one specific purpose: to allow you to build lean muscle as quickly and effectively as your body is realistically capable of making it happen. If you’re interested, you can learn all about it right here. Check it out: The Ultimate Weight Training Workout Routine). Sharing syringes is the most common way that HIV and other blood- borne diseases are transmitted among injection drug users. Needle exchange programs aim to reduce the chances that drug users will inject themselves with shared (used) syringes, and these programs have proven highly effective in preventing HIV infection among injection drug users. Research from UHRI and other centres has shown that by providing injection drug users with clean syringes – either through a mobile distribution program or from a fixed location – the number of injections involving shared equipment is reduced. While syringe distribution programs do not completely eradicate syringe sharing and other HIV risk behaviours, they are a crucial aspect of any comprehensive response to injection drug use and play a key role in reducing HIV infection and other blood- borne diseases among injection drug users and their communities. This has given UHRI investigators the opportunity to conduct several studies of the benefits and limitations of these programs and the possible ways in which they may be optimized. Publications. Werb D, Kerr T, Buxton J, Shoveller J, Richardson C, Montaner J, Wood E. Needle-exchange programs designed to cut injection. Do needle-exchange programs. Exchange Programs: Best Practice Recommendations. Needle exchaNge Program delivery models. Patterns of injection drug use cessation during an expansion of syringe exchange services in a Canadian setting. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2. You can access Halton's needle exchange program by contacting our mobile outreach service or visiting one of the Health Department.Needle exchange and the HIV epidemic in Vancouver: Lessons learned from 1. International Journal of Drug Policy, 2. Should we move from syringe exchange to distribution?: Kerr and Wood respond. American Journal of Public Health, 2. Hayashi K, Wood E, Wiebe L, Qi J, Kerr T. An external evaluation of a peer- run outreach- based syringe exchange in Vancouver, Canada. International Journal of Drug Policy, 2. Pub. Med Summary. Kerr T, Small W, Buchner C, Zhang R, Li K, Montaner J, Wood E. Syringe sharing and HIV incidence among injection drug users and increased access to sterile syringes.
American Journal of Public Health, 2. Pub. Med Summary. Small W, Wood E, Buchner C, Fair B, Kerr T. Decline in needle exchange use in Vancouver, Canada coincides with the Australian heroin shortage. International Journal of Drug Policy, 2. Pub. Med. Wood E, Lloyd- Smith E, Li K, Strathdee SA, Small W, Tyndall MW, Montaner JS, Kerr T. Frequent needle exchange use and HIV incidence in Vancouver, Canada. American Journal of Medicine, 2. Pub. Med. Kuyper LM, Kerr T, Li K, Hogg RS, Tyndall MW, Montaner JS, Wood E. Factors associated with buying and selling syringes among injection drug users in a setting of one of North America’s largest syringe exchange programs. Substance Use & Misuse, 2. Needle exchange and the HIV outbreak among injection drug users in Vancouver, Canada. Substance Use & Misuse, 2. Needle exchange programs and the HIV outbreak among injection drug users in Vancouver, Canada: Addressing some common misperceptions. Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network, March 7, 2. Wood E, Kerr T, Small W, Jones J, Schechter MT, Tyndall MW. The impact of a police presence on access to needle exchange programs. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2. Pub. Med. Wood E, Spittal P. Maximising the effectiveness of harm reduction programmes. International Journal of Drug Policy, 2. Wood E, Kerr T, Spittal PM, Small W, Tyndall MW, O’Shaughnessy MV, Schechter MT. An external evaluation of a peer- run “unsanctioned” syringe exchange program. Journal of Urban Health, 2. Pub. Med Summary. Wood E, Tyndall MW, Spittal PM, Li K, Hogg RS, Montaner JS, O’Shaughnessy MV, Schechter MT. Factors associated with persistent high- risk syringe sharing in the presence of an established needle exchange programme. AIDS, 2. 00. 2; 1. Pub. Med. Wood E, Tyndall M, Spittal P, Li K, Kerr T, Hogg R, O’Shaughnessy M, Schechter M. Needle exchange and difficulty with needle access during an ongoing HIV epidemic. International Journal of Drug Policy, 2. Kerr T, Wood E. Vancouver police raid needle exchange run by drug users. Canadian HIV/AIDS Policy Law Review, 2. Characteristics and Classification of Software. In earlier times, software was simple in nature and hence, software development was a simple activity. However, as technology improved, software became more complex and software projects grew larger. Software development now necessitated the presence of a team, which could prepare detailed plans and designs, carry out testing, develop intuitive user interfaces, and integrate all these activities into a system. This new approach led to the emergence of a discipline known as software engineering. Software engineering provides methods to handle complexities in a software system and enables the development of reliable software systems, which maximize productivity. In addition to the technical aspects of the software development, it also covers management activities which include guiding the team, budgeting, preparing schedules, etc. The notion of software engineering was first proposed in 1. Since then, software engineering has evolved as a full- fledged engineering discipline, which is accepted as a field involving in- depth study and research. Software engineering methods and tools have been successfully implemented in various applications spread across different walks of life. The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) defines software as a 'collection of computer programs, procedures, rules and associated documentation and data.'It possesses no mass, no volume, and no colour, which makes it a non- degradable entity over a long period. Software does not wear out or get tired. Software controls, integrates, and manages the hardware components of a computer system. It also instructs the computer what needs to be done to perform a specific task and how it is to be done. For example, software instructs the hardware how to print a document, take input from the user, and display the output. Computer works only in response to instructions provided externally. Usually, the instructions to perform some intended tasks are organized into a program using a programming language like C, C++, Java, etc., and submitted to computer. For All the Tech Freaks: Different Types of Application Software. What are the different types of application software and what are their uses? Find these answers along with some examples of application software. PBL: COMPUTER CONCEPTS Page 5 Competency: Software Concepts (Applications and Operating Systems) Task 1. Compare and contrast the functionality of various operating systems. Explain what an operating system is, describe its. See our top uses, with simple steps to create your own multimedia poster. Announcement Script:Welcome to this webinar session for Multimedia Tools for Online Courses. For those of you that may be new to GoToMeeting, Let me take a moment to explain how this system works. Computer interprets and executes these instructions and provides response to the user accordingly. A set of programs intended to provide users with a set of interrelated functionalities is known as a software package. For example, an accounting software package such as Tally provides users the functionality to perform accounting- related activities. Software Characteristics. Different individuals judge software on different basis. This is because they are involved with the software in different ways. For example, users want the software to perform according to their requirements. Similarly, developers involved in designing, coding, and maintenance of the software evaluate the software by looking at its internal characteristics, before delivering it to the user. Software characteristics are classified into six major components. In simple terms, it refers to the ability of software to function properly on different hardware and software platforms without making any changes in it. In addition to the above mentioned characteristics, robustness and integrity are also important. Robustness refers to the degree to which the software can keep on functioning in spite of being provided with invalid data while integrity refers to the degree to which unauthorized access to the software or data can be prevented. Classification of Software. Software can be applied in countless fields such as business, education, social sector, and other fields. System software is an essential part of a computer system. This chapter defines system software and discusses two types of system software: operating systems and utility programs. You learn what an operating system is and. Welcome to Prezi, the presentation software that uses motion, zoom, and spatial relationships to bring your ideas to life and make you a great presenter. Reader Response Prompts for Fiction reader response questions 1. Explain a character's problem and then offer your character advice on how to solve his/her problem. Explain how a character is acting and why you think the. University College Cork College Book of Modules. Students should note that all of the modules below may not be available to them. Undergraduate students should refer to the relevant section of the UCC Undergraduate Calendar. It is designed to suit some specific goals such as data processing, information sharing, communication, and so on. It is classified according to the range of potential of applications. These classifications are listed below. It is a group of programs, which is responsible for using computer resources efficiently and effectively. For example, an operating system is a system software, which controls the hardware, manages memory and multitasking functions, and acts as an interface between application programs and the computer. Generally, a real- time system guarantees a response to an external event within a specified period of time. An example of real- time software is the software used for weather forecasting that collects and processes parameters like temperature and humidity from the external environment to forecast the weather. Most of the defence organizations all over the world use real- time software to control their military hardware. The fundamental component of a business system comprises payroll, inventory, and accounting software that permit the user to access relevant data from the database. These activities are usually performed with the help of specialized business software that facilitates efficient framework in business operations and in management decisions. Applications such as the study of celestial bodies, under- surface activities, and programming of an orbital path for space shuttles are heavily dependent on engineering and scientific software. This software is designed to perform precise calculations on complex numerical data that are obtained during real time environment. The solutions of such problems are generally non- agreeable to computation or straightforward analysis. Instead, these problems require specific problem- solving strategies that include expert system, pattern recognition, and game- playing techniques. In addition, they involve different kinds of search techniques which include the use of heuristics. The role of artificial intelligence software is to add certain degrees of intelligence to the mechanical hardware in order to get the desired work done in an agile manner. Data on the Internet is in the form of text, audio, or video format, linked with hyperlinks. Web browser is a software that retrieves web pages from the Internet. The software incorporates executable instructions written in special scripting languages such as CGI or ASP. Apart from providing navigation on the Web, this software also supports additional features that are useful while surfing the Internet. The personal computer software market has grown over in the last two decades from normal text editor to word processor and from simple paintbrush to advanced image- editing software. This software is used predominantly in almost every field, whether it is database management system, financial accounting package, or multimedia- based software. It has emerged as a versatile tool for routine applications. |
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